The Apostle James wrote:
Was not Abraham our father justified by works when he offered Isaac his son on the altar? Do you see that faith was working together with his works, and by works faith was made perfect? And the Scripture was fulfilled which says, “Abraham believed God, and it was accounted to him for righteousness.” And he was called the friend of God. You see then that a man is justified by works, and not by faith only Likewise, was not Rahab the harlot also justified by works when she received the messengers and sent them out another way? (James 2:21-25)
These verses have confused many Protestants who have initially found James to be in contradiction with the Apostle Paul who said:
Therefore we conclude that a man is justified by faith apart from the deeds of the law. (Romans 3:28)
Therefore, having been justified by faith, we have peace with God through our Lord Jesus Christ (Romans 5:1)
knowing that a man is not justified by the works of the law but by faith in Jesus Christ, even we have believed in Christ Jesus, that we might be justified by faith in Christ and not by the works of the law; for by the works of the law no flesh shall be justified. (Galatians 2:16)
But that no one is justified by the law in the sight of God is evident, for “the just shall live by faith.” (Galatians 3:11)
Therefore the law was our tutor to bring us to Christ, that we might be justified by faith. (Galatians 3:24)
What do we make of this apparent contradiction between Paul and James? First of all, James admits that it was because of Abraham’s faith that God declared him righteous. James and Paul both cite the same passage Genesis 15:6 to make their points:
For what does the Scripture say? “Abraham believed God, and it was accounted to him for righteousness.” (Romans 4:3)
just as Abraham “believed God, and it was accounted to him for righteousness.” (Galatians 3:6)
And the Scripture was fulfilled which says, “Abraham believed God, and it was accounted to him for righteousness.” And he was called the friend of God. (James 2:23)
James is saying the same thing as Paul, but he is clarifying that Abraham’s works demonstrated that he had saving faith. Abraham’s obedience corresponded to his faith in God. James informs us how works are an important part of saving faith, that a man is justified by works, not faith only. It is not just any type of faith, but a particular kind of faith that saves: “faith working through love.” (Galatians 5:6)
In Ephesians 2:8-10, Paul describes how salvation is not of works, but by faith in Christ which brings us into God’s grace which works in us and through us. He describes how saving faith is always followed with and characterized by good works.